A recente decisão do STF que pretendeu desautorizar o abortamento em caso de anencefalia é criticável sob vários aspectos. Desde logo, porque o vetusto Código Penal de 1940 o autoriza em situações bem menos extremas e menos legítimas, como no caso de gravidez resultante de estupro, inclusive estupro com violência presumida, que nada mais é do que um namoro envolvendo “vítima” menor de 14 anos. Digo menos legítima, primeiro, porque está permitido independentemente das condições do nascituro; segundo, porque este não tem culpa alguma de ter sido gerado a partir de um ato de violência; terceiro, porque num tal caso importa, unicamente, a vontade/interesse da vítima do crime. Ora, muito mais legítima e razoável é a autorização da cirurgia diante de laudo médico que certifique ausência/deformidade de cérebro.
Também pela absoluta inconveniência da proibição legal do aborto, pois é evidente que ninguém deixa de praticá-lo pelo só fato de ser crime um tal comportamento, não tendo as disposições jurídico-penais relevância alguma no processo motivacional de formação da vontade de abortar; sendo muito mais importante, no particular, razões de ordem moral, religiosa, as condições econômico-financeiras da mulher etc. Ademais, o direito – “capítulo da anatomia política” (Foucault) – não pode pretender ser um apêndice da moral, especialmente num Estado laico, confundindo crime e pecado, como se ainda vigesse entre nós o Livro V das Ordenações Filipinas (1603/1830). Nesse caso específico, portanto, não admitir a cirurgia significa penalizar quem, ao invés de se dirigir a uma das muitas clínicas especializadas em aborto, optou por atuar de acordo com a lei.
Além disso, por ser rotineira a prática do aborto entre nós, sendo certo que só em casos muito excepcionais há efetiva intervenção do sistema penal, sobretudo quando envolve mulheres miseráveis, as quais, por não poderem freqüentar uma clínica que lhes dê um mínimo de segurança para tanto, recorrem aos mais primitivos métodos (água sanitária, arame, drogas etc.). O tipo legal de crime e, pois, as decisões judiciais que o legitimam, servem, assim, para criar uma só impressão – e uma falsa impressão – de segurança jurídica e de real proteção à vida. Trata-se, portanto, de uma intervenção puramente simbólica e grandemente hipócrita.
Não há duvida de que o ato de abortar é uma violência (contra o feto e contra a mulher mesma); proibi-lo e castigá-lo jurídico-penalmente é, porém, uma outra violência que se lhe acrescenta desnecessariamente, inutilmente. Mas quem há de decidir sobre isso – decisão não raro dramática e penosa – é a mulher, e não o Estado ou seus representantes, que não estão de modo algum sensibilizados com a “verdade existencial”, mas com a “verdade processual”. Quisesse o Estado realmente proteger a vida, útil e legitimamente, muito faria se, suprindo histórica omissão, desse prioridade a políticas sociais de prevenção de atos semelhantes, dirigidas, sobretudo, às mulheres pobres, para que não precisassem apelar a essa violência, mas se tivessem de fazê-lo, que o fizessem com um mínimo de segurança. Urge, enfim, trabalhar com o máximo de políticas sociais e com o mínimo de direito penal.
Finalmente, sentido algum faz dizer que “o tribunal não pode reescrever o Código Penal”, pois interpretar é argumentar, corretamente, num sistema aberto (Arthur Kaufmann), de modo que, concorrendo sempre várias possibilidades de interpretação correta do texto/contexto, haverá de prevalecer a interpretação menos irracional e mais fraterna, mais compatível, enfim, como os valores e princípios da Constituição. O juiz é o legislador no caso concreto!
A decisão do STF só reflete então quão reacionárias são certas decisões judiciais, a demonstrar o enorme distanciamento entre o Judiciário (de ontem) e a realidade do Brasil (de hoje).
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o stf deve procurar representar o país nas decisões na esfera de sua competência sem intenção de se “apresentar ” pois já tem seu espaço e atribuições sem a necessidade de se auto promover.
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